1.3 Traditional File System & Their Disadvantages In DBMS | DBMS Lectures In Hindi

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Disadvantages of Traditional File System A traditional file system has the following disadvantages.
1) Data Redundancy : Since each application has its own data file, the same data may have to be recorded and stored in many files. For example, personal file and payroll file, both contain data on employee name, designation etc. The result is unnecessary duplicate or redundant data items. This redundancy requires additional or higher storage space, costs extra time and money, and requires additional efforts to keep all files uptodate.

2) Data Inconsistency : Data redundancy leads to data inconsistency especially when data is to be updated. Data inconsistency occurs due to the same data items that appear in more than one file do not get updated simultaneously in each and every file. For example, an employee is promoted from Clerk to Superintendent and the same is immediately updated in the payroll file may not necessarily be updated in provident fund file. This results in two different designations of an employee at the same time. Over the period of time, such discrepancy is degrade the quality of information contain in the data file that affects the accuracy of reports.

3) Lack of Data Integration : Since independent data file exists, users face difficulty in getting information on any ad hoc query that requires accessing the data stored in many files. In such a case complicated programs have to be developed to retrieve data from every file or the users have to manually collect the required information.

4) Program Dependence: The reports produced by the file processing system are program dependent, which means if any change in the format or structure of data and records in the file is to be made, the programs have to modified correspondingly. Also, a new program will have to be developed to produce a new report.

5) Data Dependence : The Applications/programs in file processing system are data dependent i.e., the file organization, its physical location and retrieval from the storage media are dictated by the requirements of the particular application. For example, in payroll application, the file may be organized on employee records sorted on their last name, which implies that accessing of any employee's record has to be through the last name only.

6) Limited Data Sharing : There is limited data sharing possibilities with the traditional filesystem. Each application has its own private files and users have little choice to share the data outside their own applications. Complex programs required to be written to obtain data from several incompatible files.

7) Poor Data Control : There was no centralized control at the data element level, hence a traditional file system is decentralized in nature.

Though functions of DBMS vary greatly, generalpurpose DBMS features and capabilities should include: a user accessible catalog describing metadata, DBMS library management system, data abstraction and independence, data security, logging and auditing of activity, support for concurrency and transactions, support for authorization of access, access support from remote locations, DBMS data recovery support in the event of damage, and enforcement of constraints to ensure the data follows certain rules.


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