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Muscarinic antagonists (antimuscarinic agents) are a group of anticholinergic drugs that competitively inhibit postganglionic muscarinic receptors. As such, they have a variety of applications that involve the parasympathetic nervous system. Which organ systems are most affected by an antimuscarinic agent depends on the specific characteristics of the agent, particularly its lipophilicity. Lipophilic agents (i.e., atropine or benztropine) are able to cross the bloodbrain barrier and therefore affect the central nervous system (CNS) in addition to other organ systems. Less lipophilic agents (i.e., ipratropium or butylscopolamine) are administered if the CNS does not need to be targeted, specifically for respiratory (e.g., asthma), gastrointestinal (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome), or genitourinary applications (e.g., urinary incontinence). Numerous adverse effects have been reported, the most common of which is dry mouth. An overdose can result in anticholinergic syndrome, which manifests in disorientation, hyperthermia, tachycardia, and/or coma. To avoid toxicity, it is especially important to consider the anticholinergic effects of other drug classes before administering muscarinic antagonists.

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