Chad provides a comprehensive lesson on the reactions of monosaccharides. This includes ester formation, ether formation, glycoside formation, as well as epimerization and isomerization. A number of oxidation and reduction reactions of monosaccharides are also covered including reduction with sodium borohydride, oxidation with aqueous bromine, oxidation with Tollen's reagent and/or Benedict's reagent, and oxidation with nitric acid. Reducing sugars are also defined in this context, and Chad describes how to identify both reducing sugars and nonreducing sugars. Finally, Chad covers the KilianiFischer Synthesis which lengthens the carbon chain of an aldose by one carbon and the Wohl Degradation which reduces the carbon chain of an aldose by one carbon.

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00:00 Lesson Introduction
00:24 Ester Formation
02:07 Ether Formation
03:05 Glycoside Formation
05:55 Epimerization and Isomerization
08:30 Reduction with NaBH4
10:25 Oxidation with Aqueous Bromine
12:24 Oxidation with Tollen's Reagent and Benedict's Reagent
15:36 Reducing and Nonreducing Sugars
19:59 Oxidation with HNO3
21:17 KilianiFischer Synthesis
24:18 Wohl Degradation

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