This video explains the contents of the intercostal spaces (intercostal muscles, vessels, and nerves) and their applied anatomy (including MCQ, practical, and interactive questions).

* () الفصول (الطوابع الزمنية)
00:00 Intro (مقدمة)
00:18 Content (المحتوى)
00:40 Intercostal muscles
00:47 Classification
03:57 Outer layer (External intercostal muscle)
07:07 Intermediate layer
08:57 Inner layer
09:02 Innermost intercostal muscle
10:30 Sternocostalis
12:02 Subcostalis muscle
14:22 MCQ
15:47 Intercostal nerves
15:51 Typical intercostal nerves
21:54 Atypical intercostal nerves
23:14 MCQ
23:42 Intercostal arteries
28:39 MCQ
29:57 Intercostal veins
28:39 MCQ
35:42 Applied anatomy

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The internal thoracic artery terminates opposite the sixth intercostal space by dividing into superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries.
The internal thoracic vein is formed by the union of the two venae comitantes of
the internal thoracic artery unite behind the third costal cartilage.

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Needles introduced into the intercostal spaces (to remove collection in the pleura).
^^ : They are done in the lateral part of the chest wall.
^^ :To avoid injury of the posterior intercostal nerve and vessels.
(it is also better to be introduced near the UPPER BORDER of the rib below)
The recommended location varies depending on the source.
Some sources recommend the midaxillary line, in the eighth, ninth, or tenth intercostal space. Whenever possible, the procedure should be performed under ultrasound guidance, which has been shown to reduce complications.

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1. A patient has pleural effusion. When inserting a chest tube through the intercostal space to treat him, the intercostal vessels and nerves are avoided by placing the tube immediately at which of the following anatomical sites?
A. At the upper border of the rib below
B. At the lower border of the rib above
C. Midway in the intercostal space
D. Near the anterior end of the ribs

2. Which of the following arteries is a branch of the internal thoracic artery?
A. Superior intercostal
B. Superior epigastric
C. Subcostal
D. Left bronchial

3. Which of the following is a typical intercostal nerve?
A. 3rd intercostal
B. 2nd intercostal
C. 10th intercostal
D. 9th intercostal

4. The intercostobrachial nerve is which of the following intercostal nerves?
A. 3rd
B. 2nd
C. 1st
D. 9th

5. Which of the following arteries gives the 9th pair of anterior intercostal arteries?
A. Subclavian
B. Internal thoracic
C. Musculophrenic
D. Superior epigastric

6. Which of the following intercostal nerves is atypical?
A. 2nd
B. 3rd
C. 4th
D. 5th

7. Which of the following arteries is the origin of the 5th posterior intercostal artery?
A. Descending thoracic aorta
B. Subclavian
C. Inferior thyroid
D. Internal thoracic

8. The right superior intercostal vein drains mainly into which of the following veins?
A. Azygos
B. Hemiazygos
C. Right subclavian
D. Right brachiocephalic

9. What is the origin of the internal thoracic artery?
A. First part of the subclavian
B. Second part of the subclavian
C. Brachiocephalic
D. Descending thoracic aorta

10. The site of introducing the needle into the intercostal space to remove blood collection in the pleura is which of the following sites?
A. Lateral part of the chest wall near the rib below
B. Lateral part of the chest wall near the rib above
C. Posterior part of the chest wall near the rib below
D. Posterior part of the chest wall near the rib above



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#intercostal_nerves
#intercostal_vessels