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Video Summary:
Under resting state, α, β, and γ subunits of Gs protein are associated with receptor and α subunit is bound to GDP. Activation of the receptor causes the release of GDP and binding of GTP. This causes the release of the αs subunit that activates adenylyl cyclase. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cAMP which activates PKA. Activated PKA phosphorylates various target proteins and modulate their activity. Generally, this leads to an increase in cellular activity. When the external signal is removed, the signal is terminated by GTPase activity of α subunit that inactivates itself and thereby adenylyl cyclase, phosphodiesterase that degrades cAMP and phosphatases that dephosphorylate the target proteins. Gi protein inhibits adenylyl cyclase and prevents all these from happening. This generally decreases cellular activity.

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DISCLAIMER: This video is for education purposes only. Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the material, viewers should refer to the appropriate regulatory body/authorized websites, guidelines, and other suitable sources of information as deemed relevant and applicable. In view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical science, any person or organization involved in the preparation of this work accepts no responsibility for any errors or omissions, or results obtained from the use of information in this video.