Welcome to Science With Tal!

In this video, we will cover some important notions about the anatomy of the central nervous system (CNS). We will discuss the anatomy of the spinal cord, brainstem and forebrain to exemplify some core principles about how the CNS operates.

You can consult the PDF of the recapitulative drawings of this video here: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1E5XE...

To download the MNI brain software: https://www.nitrc.org/frs/?group_id=889

To improve the quality of my content, I highly value the feedback from the viewer so do not hesitate to give any feedback in the comment section.

TIMESTAMPS

0:00 Introduction
0:50 Structural model of the nervous system
4:48 Functional model of the nervous system
7:48 Neuro navigation: Directions & Axes (Dorsal, Ventral, Caudal …)
12:16 Which directions & axes to apply in CNS
13:54 Example of terminology using CNS axes
15:16 Neuro navigation: Cross sectional planes (Sagittal, Horizontal, Coronal)
16:45 Gross divisions of the CNS (embryology)
20:44 Spinal Cord: Intro to structure & functions
23:57 Spinal Cord: Spinal nerve divisions & dermatomes
28:48 Spinal Cord: Navigation review
30:40 Spinal Cord: (Somatic) Spinal nerve function & terminology
32:29 Spinal Cord: Autonomic processing
35:18 Spinal Cord: (Sympathetic) Spinal nerve function & terminology
36:55 Spinal Cord: (Parasympathetic) Spinal nerve function & terminology
36:45 Spinal Cord: Cross section terminology & sections
43:02 Spinal Cord: Cross section — Gray matter (Rexed Laminae)
47:47 Spinal Cord: Cross section — White matter tracts (Ascending & Descending)
53:21 Spinal Cord: Note about cross sections across spinal cord
54:30 Spinal Cord: Overview of key topics
55:01 Brainstem: Intro to structure & functions
58:47 Brainstem: External surface anatomy
1:02:50 Brainstem: CN1 overview (Olfactory nerve)
1:05:36 Brainstem: CN2 overview (Optic nerve)
1:06:22 Brainstem: Overview of cranial nerves in brainstem (fiber types, nuclei)
1:13:37 Brainstem: CN3, CN4, CN6 overview (Oculomotor, Trochlear & Abducens nerve)
1:19:00 Brainstem: CN5 overview (Trigeminal nerve)
1:22:08 Brainstem: CN7 overview (Facial nerve)
1:24:47 Brainstem: CN8 overview (Vestibulocochlear nerve)
1:27:17 Brainstem: CN9 overview (Glossopharyngeal nerve)
1:30:23 Brainstem: CN10 overview (Vagus nerve)
1:34:43 Brainstem: CN11 overview (Accessory nerve)
1:36:54 Brainstem: CN12 overview (Hypoglossal nerve)
1:37:28 Brainstem: Medulla cross section overview
1:41:38 Brainstem: Pons cross section overview
1:42:11 Brainstem: Midbrain cross section overview
1:44:25 Brainstem: Overview of key topics
1:45:10 Brain: Intro to structure & functions
1:48:50 Brain: Neuroanatomy review & terminology (Sulci, Gyri)
1:53:18 Brain: Principal lobes & frontiers
1:54:15 Brain: Sulci & Gyri (Lateral Surface)
1:57:22 Brain: Sulci & Gyri (Medial Surface)
1:58:25 Brain: Sulci & Gyri (Dorsal/Ventral Surface)
2:00:12 Brain: Functional cortical divisions (Sensory, Motor & Association cortices)
2:07:19 Brain: Insula anatomy
2:08:29 Brain: Subcortical structures anatomy
2:16:12 Brain: Neuron staining techniques
2:17:42 Brain: Brodmann map & neocortical layers
2:23:48 Brain: Why is the cortex so complicated?
2:25:50 Brain: Overview of key topics
2:26:28 Future avenues
2:27:43 Outro

RESOURCES

Here is a list of the resources that I’ve used to produce this video. (Author(s): title resource)

Dale Purves: Neuroscience (6th edition)
Eric Kandel: Principles of neural science (6th edition)
Lodish: Molecular Cell Biology (9th edition)
Widmaier, Eric P.: Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function (16th edition)
Snell, Richard S, Splittgerber Ryan: Snell's Clinical Neuroanatomy (7th edition)
Drake Richard et al: Grays Anatomy for Students (4th edition)
Brodmann, Korbinian, and Laurence J. Gary: Brodmann’s Localization in the Cerebral Cortex the Principles of Comparative Localisation in the Cerebral Cortex Based on Cytoarchitectonics
Raccah, Omri et al: Does the Prefrontal Cortex Play an Essential Role in Consciousness? Insights from Intracranial Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain
Rezaeyan, Abolhasan et al.: Reorganizing brain structure through olfactory training in posttraumatic smell impairment: An MRI study
Nieuwenhuys R: The myeloarchitectonic studies on the human cerebral cortex of the VogtVogt school, and their significance for the interpretation of functional neuroimaging data

To have more information on these resources, you can refer to the conclusion section where a more formal citation is provided.

CREDITS

Writing: Tal Klimenko
Voice: Tal Klimenko
Animations: Tal Klimenko
Drawings: Tal Klimenko
Editing: Tal Klimenko
Introductory jingle: Thierry Du Sablond
Conclusion music: lukrembo sunflower (   • lukrembo  sunflower (royalty free vl...  )