Review Atypical Antipsychotics (vs Typical Antipsychotics) and their mechanism of action.

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Atypical antipsychotics are a drug class used to treat psychosis in schizophrenia and other psychotic conditions, and are also used as mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder. Drugs in this category include clozapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole, risperidone, quetiapine, and ziprasidone. Side effects of these drugs include extrapyramidal symptoms, abbreviated EPS, which refers to a constellation of movement problems, like tremors, muscle spasms, and restlessness. Atypical antipsychotics are also well known for causing metabolic syndrome and weight gain. Other side effects include sedation, anticholinergic effects, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome, abbreviated NMS. NMS is a medical emergency characterized by muscle rigidity, fever, confusion, and unstable vitals. Clozapine can cause agranulocytosis, or a rapid fall in white blood cells, and ziprasidone can cause QT prolongation and the abnormal heart rhythm of torsades de pointes.

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