Here is a long and rambley, unrefined video tutorial on how to automate updates for a hosted feature layer in ArcGIS Online using Python. I then show you how to schedule your Python script to run using Windows Task Scheduler. This uses the ArcGIS API for Python, which is free to download/use, and if you have ArcGIS Pro installed on your computer, you already have it set up, as it is included in the installation.

https://developers.arcgis.com/python/

The example downloads a zipped shapefile from on a public FTP site, but if you are using a file from your own computer or on a network drive, the basic workflow here still applies.

Additional documentation on this process can be found on the ESRI developers site:
https://developers.arcgis.com/python/...

Please note toward the end, when setting up the Task Scheduler, to choose 'Windows 10' at the bottom of the first tab for "Configure for:". In my video it was set to Windows Vista by default, which will prevent the task and script from running properly.