Mining became very different from Minecraft 1.18 onwards and now we're in 1.20 so I've made this video as a quick guide to mining and the different Y levels of all the ores in the game.
This guide will teach you the best Y level for everything in the game.

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CHAPTERS:
0:00 Intro
0:18 Coal Y Level
0:40 Iron Y Level
1:02 Copper Y Level
1:26 Gold Y Level
1:53 Lapis Y Level
2:13 Redstone Y Level
2:35 Amethyst Y Level
2:42 Emerald Y Level
2:50 Diamond Y Level
3:15 Ancient Debris Y Level
3:30 How to Survive in the Nether

Cheers!