The war saw a transformation of politics at both elite and popular level. This led to the Liberals being replaced by Labour as the main party of the Left. The last purely Liberal government came to an end in 1915. The interwar leaders, Stanley Baldwin and Ramsay MacDonald, sought to continue the mission of liberalism by civilizing the state.
Yet Britain's industrial structure remained geared to the past rather than the future, and the interwar years were marked by the chronic and seemingly insoluble problem of mass unemployment.

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