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The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is the transportation system of the body. The major structures that make this possible are the heart, blood vessels and blood.
Simply put, the heart pumps the blood in order to move nutrients through the blood vessels to nourish and to remove metabolic wastes from the body.

The purpose of this video is to present a basic understanding of the Cardiovascular System. A more in depth study of the system will be presented in other CTE videos where we will look into each specific structure and function of the Cardiovascular system.


A, The pulmonary pathway
B. The Systemic pathway


Two Atria which are the upper chambers.
Two ventricles these are the lower chambers
The left and right side of the heart is divided by the SEPTUM

Blood Vessels
The word vessel has many meanings but in Anatomy and Physiology, Blood Vessels are meant for carrying or transporting the blood throughout the body.


Arterioles are smaller blood vessels that branch out from larger arteries and lead to the (arterial) capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels in the body…
The arterial capillaries are connected to the venous capillaries…The arterial side of the capillaries is dropping off Oxygen and Nutrients TO the body’s cells
The venous side of the capillaries is picking up metabolic waste FROM the body’s cells
together they form a network, where arteries and veins connect completing the (closed) circulatory circuit, ….the blood flow from the venous capillaries will flow back from the body TO the heart through venous blood vessels.

Similar to the arteries, only in reverse, the blood flows from the venous capillaries into a system of veins called the VENULES . These venules connect to larger veins which carry the blood back FROM the Body TO the heart, VIA the largest veins known as the Superior and Inferior Vena Cavas...

The first type of blood cell is called Erythrocyte. known as the red blood cell.

2. the second type of blood cell is the Leukocyte.. known as the white blood cell

3....and the third type of cell is the thrombocytes, also known as the platelet

The SA node, known as the pacemaker, is located in the right atria. It starts the spark and passes it on to the next relay station.
The AV node which is located on the back wall of the heart between the right atria and the right ventricle. The spark is then passed unto the...next relay station… the
... Bundle of HIS located in the heart’s septum...and then lastly to the
purjinke fibers, the relay station which spreads the electrical charge throughout the myocardium, which is the cardiac muscle, and causes the heart to contract; atrias first then the ventricles...

After watching this video, you should now have a basic understanding of what the Cardiovascular System is, the basic functions, and the basic structures that define the HEART.

Here’s a quick recap.

The Cardiovascular or Circulatory System is an organ system whose basic purpose is to circulate blood to and from cells in the body in order to transport nutrients and remove waste.

The heart pumps the blood TO the body through arteries which branch off into smaller blood vessels called arterioles.

The Network of capillaries is where oxygen and other nutrients diffuse from the blood and into the cells.

As O2 and nutrients are diffused into the cells from the arterial capillaries, metabolic waste is diffused into the venous capillaries from the cells...the blood returns to the heart via the veins where the cycle begins again.

And remember that the heart has a beat of its own, through the electro/chemical circuit system and its 4 relay stations

To sum it all up, the heart pumps blood to the BODY through the arteries and returns FROM the Body to the heart through the veins.

Unfortunately, The heart is also subject to diseases and conditions … in fact the number one reason for an early demise is still due to heart failure.. These conditions will be discussed further in future CTE videos.

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