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food safety officer questions in hindi
Class 01 || Integrated Pest Management (IPM ) Part 01 , Entomology || Mr. Sharad (Entomologist)
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
History of Integrated Pest Management
Michelbacher and Bacon (1952) coined the term “integrated control”
Stern et al.
(1959) defined integrated control as “applied pest control which
combines and integrates biological and chemical control”

Geier (1966) coined the term “pest management”
Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ, 1972) gave the term
“Integrated Pest Management”
In 1989, IPM Task Force was established and in 1990. IPM Working
Group (IPMWG) was constituted to strengthen implementation of IPM
at international level
IPM definition by Luckmann and Metcalf (1994)
IPM is defined as the intelligent selection and use of pest control tactics
that will ensure favourable economical, ecological and sociological
consequences.
TOOLS OR COMPONENTS OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
1. Cultural method of Pest Management
2. Physical control
3. Mechanical Methods
4. Biological control
5. Chemical control
1. Cultural method of Pest Management
1) Tillage or proper preparatory cultivation:
Definition: Modification of physical factors in the environment to
minimize or prevent pests problems is called physical control. Insect
require definite range of physical condition and any deviation from
such range are lethal to the survival and other life activities of insects.
2. Physical control
1. Manipulation of temperature:
2. Insect activity and metabolic rate are influenced by temperature.
3. Sun drying the seeds to kill the eggs and hidden stages of stored
product pests.
4. Exposure of cotton seeds to sun heat in thin layer for 2 3 days in
April –May helps in killing larvae of pink bollworm.
1. Treatment of sugarcane setts with heat energy units either as
hot water or hot air treatment kill te scale insects carried
over through setts.
2. Use of flame throwers against locusts.
3. Use of burning torch against hairy caterpillar.
4. Cold storage of fruits and vegetables at 12°C Low lethal
temperature:
5. Cold storage of potatoes potato tuber moth
2. Manipulation of moisture:
Alternate drying and wetting of rice fields to manage rice Brown
plant hopper..
Drying of seeds below 10% moisture level affect insect
development(rice weevil, pulse beetle)
3. Use of irradiation:
Gamma irradiation from Co 60 is used to sterilise the insects in
laboratory. Cattle screw worm, Cochliomyia hominivorax was
controlled in Curacao island by E.F. Knipling using this technique.
3. Mechanical Methods
Defination:The reduction or suppression of insects population by means
of manual devices or machines is referred as mechanical control.
a. Manual forces:
The egg masses of rice stem borer, Spodoptera, Red hairy caterpillar
can be picked up and destroy.

The egg masses of rice stem borer, Spodoptera, Red hairy caterpillar
can be picked up and destroy.
Collection and destruction of fallen infested fruits is effective against
fruit flies and fruit borers.
Manual removal of pink bollworm attacked rosette flowers, wither
and dropping terminal infested by spotted bollworm.
Prunning and destruction of infested shoots and flower parts is
effective in checking the multiplication of scales, mealy bug, aphids etc.
Passing rope across rice fields to dislodge case worm over the
standing water which is then drain out.
Hooking with iron hook to remove adult Rhinocerous beetle.
b. Mechanical force:
Entoletor: In entoletor centrifugal force is used to break infested
kernals and kill stages of storage pests.
Tillage implements: Use to expose the soil born insects eg: red hairy
caterpillar
Mechanical traps: Rat trap
Screw crow
Use of sting slot
Drumming
Use of insect collection net
Preventive barriers (Mechanical exclusion): Use of mechanical barriers
to prevents access of pests to host
a. Wrapping the fruits: Covering with polythene bag against
pomegranate fruit borer