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The main classification depends upon the type of action of the water on the turbine. These are (i) Impulse turbine (ii) Reaction Turbine. Most of the electrical generators are powered by turbines. Turbines are the primemovers of civilisation.


Types of turbines
•Head and quantity of water available
•Hydraulic action of water
•Direction of flow of water in the runner
•Specific speed of turbines
•Disposition of the shaft of the runner
Turbines can be classified on the basis of:
•Based on head and quantity of water
According to head and quantity of water available, the turbines can be classified into

a) High head turbines

b) Medium head turbines

c) Low head turbines


a) High head turbines
High head turbines are the turbines which work under heads more than 250m. The quantity of water needed in case of high head turbines is usually small. The Pelton turbines are the usual choice for high heads.
b) Medium head turbines
The turbines that work under a head of 45m to 250m are called medium head turbines. It requires medium flow of water. Francis turbines are used for medium heads.
c) Low head turbines
Turbines which work under a head of less than 45m are called low head turbines. Owing to low head, large quantity of water is required. Kaplan turbines are used for low heads.


•Based on hydraulic action of water
According to hydraulic action of water, turbines can be classified into

a) Impulse turbines
b) Reaction turbines
a) Impulse turbines
If the runner of a turbine rotates by the impact or impulse action of water, it is an impulse turbine.
b) Reaction turbines
•Direction of flow of water in the runner

classification of turbines pdf

classification of turbine according to head

classification of turbines ppt

types of turbine

classification of steam turbine

classification of water turbine

impulse turbine

specific speed of turbine
Depending upon the direction of flow through runner, following types of turbines are there

a) Tangential flow turbines

b) Radial flow turbines

c) Axial flow turbines

d) Mixed flow turbines