Content:
Introduction 0:00
Accessory Nerve Scheme 00:33
Nuclei of Accessory Nerve: 03:00
Course of Accessory Nerve 04:33
Internal branch 05:30
External branch 05:54
Recap 06:31


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Provides motor function to the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius, and goes together with the Vagus nerve to innervate muscles in the pharynx, larynx and soft palate.

Nucleus and course:
Nucleus ambiguus
○ Give off the cranial root (radix cranialis)
○ Located in the medulla oblongata
Spinal nucleus of accessory nerve (nucleus spinalis nervi accessorii)
○ Spinal roots (radix spinalis) from spinal segments C1–C6 lateral to the anterior horn, in the lateral funiculus
○ Ascend laterally to the spinal cord between the motor and sensory roots of the spinal nerve, and reach the posterior cranial fossa via the foramen magnum
When the cranial root and the spinal root meets, they form the Trunk of the acessory nerve (truncus nervi accessorii), which leaves the cranium through the jugular foramen.

Branches:
Internal branch (ramus internus)
○ joins the vagus nerve and participates in the pharyngeal branch and the recurrent laryngeal nerve of the vagus nerve, to innervate the pharynx, larynx and muscles of the soft palate.
External branch (ramus externus)
○ Receives fibers from the anterior ramus of spinal nerve from C2, C3 and C4 (of the cervical plexus), and then innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius


Sources:
Singh, I. (2017). Human neuroanatomy (10th ed.). ® Pulmonary plexus (plexus pulmonalis)
Kozlowski, T. (2017). Memorix Anatomy: The Complete Study Guide. 2nd ed. Thieme Medical Publishers.

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