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Components of Computer System

A computer performs five major functions no matter what size they are of as follows:

• Data or Instructions are accepted as input,
• Data and Instruction are stored
• Processing of data as per the instructions,
• Control of all operations inside the computer
• Result in the form of output.

Based on this Any computer system divided into four basic units;

1, input unit,
2, storage unit
3, central processing unit
• Arithmetic logic unit
• Control unit
4, output unit


Basic Components of Computer Systems

Input Unit

Data and instructions must enter the computer system before any computation can be performed on the supplied data.

Output Unit

The job of an output unit is just the reverse of that of an input unit. It supplied information and results of
computation to the outside world.

Storage Unit

The data and instructions that are entered into the computer system through input units have to be stored
inside the computer before the actual processing starts.The Storage Unit or the primary / main storage of a computer system is designed to do all these things. Itprovides space for storing data and instructions, space for intermediate results and also space for the final results.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Central Processing Unit
The main unit inside the computer is the CPU. This unit is responsible for all events inside the computer. It controls all internal and external devices, performs “Arithmetic and Logical operations”.
The control Unit and the Arithmetic and Logic unit of a computer system are jointly known as the Central
Processing Unit (CPU). The CPU is the brain of any computer system.

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

The arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) of a computer system is the place where the actual execution of the
instructions take place during the processing operations. All calculations are performed and all comparisons (decisions) are made in the ALU. The data and instructions, stored in the primary storage prior to processing are transferred as and when needed to the ALU where processing takes place. No processing is done in the primary storage unit.

Control Unit

The control unit directs and controls the activities of the internal and external devices. It interprets the instructions fetched into the computer, determines what data, if any, are needed, where it is stored, where to store the results of the operation, and sends the control signals to the devices involved in the execution of the instructions.


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