Development of Nervous System | Neuroanatomy

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Embryological development is an intricate process, with the formation of the human nervous system being only one, albeit vital, component. The development of our bodies makes us what we are; but the development of our brains makes us who we are, giving us the ability to think, see, feel (both physically and emotionally), etc.

The nervous system has multiple elements, each of which, when fully formed and active, will have different responsibilities. The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the brain and spinal cord. The brain interprets information received by the spinal cord and generates its own signals and instructions for the body to carry out. The spinal cord transmits information from the brain to the body, and vice versa.

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of all neurons outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the cranial nerves and spinal nerves. These nerves are either afferent (i.e. sensory, receiving signals in the body to be transmitted for processing in the brain) or efferent (motor, delivering signals from the brain to the body).

Finally, the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is made up in part by the CNS and in part by the PNS, contains neurons that supply cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands. The PNS has two components: the sympathetic nervous system provides signals to the body to prepare for “fight or flight;” and the parasympathetic nervous system signals the body that it can “rest and digest.”

The following article will focus on the embryological development of the CNS.


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