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Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which blood sugar (glucose) levels are abnormally high because the body does not produce enough insulin to meet its needs.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
In type 1 diabetes (formerly called insulindependent diabetes or juvenileonset diabetes), the body's immune system attacks the insulinproducing cells of the pancreas, and more than 90% of them are permanently destroyed. The pancreas, therefore, produces little or no insulin. Only about 5 to 10% of all people with diabetes have type 1 disease. Most people who have type 1 diabetes develop the disease before age 30, although it can develop later in life.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
In type 2 diabetes (formerly called non– insulindependent diabetes or adultonset diabetes), the pancreas often continues to produce insulin, sometimes even at higherthannormal levels, especially early in the disease. However, the body develops resistance to the effects of insulin, so there is not enough insulin to meet the body’s needs. As type 2 diabetes progresses, the insulinproducing ability of the pancreas decreases.

Complications of diabetes
(1) Brain, causing a stroke
(2) Eyes (diabetic retinopathy), causing blindness
(3) Heart, causing a heart attack
(4) Kidneys (diabetic nephropathy), causing chronic kidney disease
(5) Nerves (diabetic neuropathy), causing a decreased sensation in feet

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