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Digestion and Absorption of Lipids

Lipids, primarily fats, are essential macromolecules that provide energy, support cell structure, and facilitate the absorption of fatsoluble vitamins. The process of lipid digestion and absorption is a sophisticated journey that begins in the mouth and concludes in the small intestine. Initially, the mechanical action of chewing combines lipids with saliva , but the major digestion occurs in the small intestine, catalyzed by bile salts from the liver, which emulsify fats, and pancreatic lipase, which breaks down triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids. These smaller molecules then form micelles, which are absorbed by the enterocytes of the intestinal lining. Inside these cells, lipids are reesterified into triglycerides and packaged into chylomicrons, which enter the lymphatic system, eventually reaching the bloodstream to distribute energy or storage. This intricate process ensures that lipids are efficiently processed and utilized by the body, underscoring their vital role in maintaining health and supporting bodily functions .

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