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Anatomy of Duodenum : Parts, Relations, Blood supply, Nerve supply, Venous drainage and Histology.

The duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, plays a critical role in the digestive process. Here's a simplified breakdown for your study notes:

Parts of Duodenum: The duodenum has four sections: superior (first part), descending (second part), horizontal (third part), and ascending (fourth part).

Relations: The duodenum is surrounded by important structures. It begins at the pylorus, wraps around the head of the pancreas, and ends at the duodenojejunal flexure.

Blood Supply: The duodenum is mainly supplied by the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (a branch of the gastroduodenal artery) and the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (a branch of the superior mesenteric artery).

Venous Drainage: Corresponding veins drain into the portal system (the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins).

Nerve Supply: It's supplied by the vagus nerve (parasympathetic) and the greater splanchnic nerve (sympathetic).

Histology: The wall of the duodenum has several layers: the mucosa (with villi and microvilli for absorption, and Brunner's glands producing mucusrich alkaline secretion), the submucosa, the muscularis externa, and the serosa. The duodenal epithelium is columnar and contains goblet cells.

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