The average tax rate is calculated by dividing the total tax by taxable income:

average tax rate = total tax / taxable income

The effective tax rate, on the other hand, is calculated by dividing the total tax by TOTAL income, with total income including both taxable and nontaxable income:

effective tax rate = total tax / total income

The effective tax rate will be lower than the average tax rate when the taxpayer has taxexempt income (include that isn't subject to tax).

A third type of tax rate is the marginal tax rate, which is the rate that would be incurred on the next dollar of taxable income.
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