The development of the middle and external ear explained in less than 15 minutes.

For the embryology of the inner ear, tap here:    • Embryology of the Ear I (Easy to Unde...  

If you are completely new to embryology and you want to understand it quickly, this should be the first video you watch:
   • Introduction to Embryology  Fertilis...  


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SUMMARY OF THE VIDEO FOR YOUR NOTES

The middle ear
Tympanic cavity comes from the endoderm, from the first pharyngeal pouch.
The pouch expands laterally until it touches the first pharyngeal cleft
The distal part of the pouch is the tubotympanic recess, which widens becoming the primitive tympanic cavity. The proximal part remains narrow and becomes the auditory tube aka eustachian tube
The malleus and incus come from the first pharyngeal arch
The stapes comes from the second pharyngeal arch
Tensor tympani is innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
Stapedius is innervated by the facial nerve

The external ear
External auditory meatus comes from the first pharyngeal cleft
The solid epithelial meatal plug will dissolve by the seventh month, otherwise the newborn will be deaf
Th tympanic membrane (eardrum) is made from three layers: ectoderm epithelium, mesoderm middle layer which is connective tissue, and endoderm which is the inner mucous membrane (epithelium).
The malleus' handle is in contact with the tympanic membrane.
The auricle develop from 6 swellings called the auricular hillocks.
Hillocks 1, 2, and 3 come from pharyngeal arch 1
Hillocks 4, 5, and 6 come from the second arch
The hillocks will eventually grow and fuse together in a complicated process that I have simplified by just saying "they all fuse together"
1 is the tragus, 2 is the helix, 3 is the cymba conca, 4 is the concha, 5 is the antihelix, and 6 is the antitragus lets keep it at that