Content:
Introduction: 0:00
Topography of Spinal Cord: 01:07
External Surface of Spinal Cord: 02:44
Spinal Segments: 03:41
Spinal Nerve and Vertebral Canal: 05:15
Enlargements of the Spinal Cord: 07:33
Spinal Nerve Anatomy: 08:27
Reflex Arch: 14:13


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Topography of Spinal Cord (Medulla Spinalis)
Vertebral Canal (Canalis Vertebralis)
Covered by:
○ Pia Mater
○ Arachnoid Mater
○ Dura Mater
Foramen Magnus to L1/L2
4045 cm long
Medullary Cone (Conus Medullaris)
Filum Terminale (Terminal Thread)
Cauda Equina

External Surface of Spinal Cord:
Anterior Surface
○ Anterior Median Fissure (Fissura Mediana Anterior)
○ Right Anteriolateral Sulcus (Sulcus Anterolateralis Dexter)
○ Left Anterolateral Sulcus (Sulcus Anterolateralis Sinister)
Posterior Surface
○ Posterior Median Sulcus (Sulcus Medianus Posterior)
○ Right Posterolateral Sulcus (Sulcus Posterolateralis Dexter)
○ Left Posterolateral Sulcus (Sulcus Posterolateralis Sinister)

Segments of the Spinal Cord
8 cervical segments
12 thoracic segments
5 lumbar segments
5 sacral segemnts
1 coccygeal segments
Spinal nerves going out throguh Intervertebral Openings (Foramina Intervertebralis)

Relationship between the spinal cord and the vertebra:
Spinous processes of cranial cervical vertebrae
Correspond to same segment
Spinous processes of caudal cervical vertebrae
Segment +1
(e.g. vertebra C7 = spinal segment C8)
Spinous processes of cranial thoracic vertebrae
– segment + 2
(e.g. vertebra T3 = spinal segment T5)
Spinous processes of caudal thoracic vertebrae
– segment + 3
Vertebrae T10–T12
– lumbar segments L1–L4
Vertebrae T12–L1 (epiconus)
– lumbar and sacral segments L5–S2
Vertebrae L1–L2 (conus)
– sacral and single coccygeal segments S3–S5 and Co

Enlargements of the Spinal Cord
Cervical Enlargement (Intumenencia Cervicalis)
○ Brachial Plexus
Lumbosacral Enlargement (Intumenencia Lumbosacralis)
○ Sacral and Lumbar Plexuses

Anatomy of the Spinal Nerve:
Spinal Nerves synapse with nuclei in gray matter of spinal cord
Posterior Root / Sensory Root (Radix Sensoria)
○ Enter through the posterolateral sulci
○ Spinal Ganglion / Dorsal Root Ganglion (Ganglion sensorium nervi spinalis)
○ Pseudounipolar neurons
Anterior Root / Motor Root (Radix Motoria)
○ Enter throguh the anterolateral sulci
Spinal Nerve contain:
○ Sensory Fibers
○ Motor Fibers
○ Sympathetic Fibers (Between C8L2)
○ Parasympathetic Fibers (Between S2S4)
Branches of the Spinal Nerve
○ Ventral Branch
§ Cervical Plexus
§ Brachial Plexus
§ Lumbar Plexus
§ Sacral Plexus
○ Dorsal Branch
○ White Ramus Communicans
○ Meningeal Branch

Reflex Arch
MonoSynaptic Reflex
○ Patellar Tendon Reflex
MultiSynaptic Reflex
○ Withdrawal Reflex

Sources used in this video:
Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author)
Biorender
University notes and lectures