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Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution | Part III (Articles 12 to 35)

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PANCHANAN PYARE SINGH

Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution are enshrined in Part III (Articles 12 to 35) and are essential for the overall development of individuals, ensuring their liberty, equality, and dignity. They are justiciable, meaning individuals can approach the courts for their enforcement.

Key Fundamental Rights

1. **Right to Equality (Articles 1418)**:
**Article 14**: Ensures equality before the law and equal protection of the laws.
**Article 15**: Prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
**Article 16**: Guarantees equality of opportunity in public employment.
**Article 17**: Abolishes untouchability.
**Article 18**: Abolishes titles, except military and academic distinctions.

2. **Right to Freedom (Articles 1922)**:
**Article 19**: Grants freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence, and profession.
**Article 20**: Protects against arbitrary punishment and double jeopardy.
**Article 21**: Guarantees the right to life and personal liberty.
**Article 21A**: Provides the right to education for children aged 6 to 14 years.
**Article 22**: Protects against arbitrary arrest and detention.

3. **Right against Exploitation (Articles 2324)**:
**Article 23**: Prohibits human trafficking and forced labor.
**Article 24**: Prohibits child labor in hazardous industries.

4. **Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 2528)**:
**Article 25**: Ensures freedom of conscience and the right to practice, profess, and propagate religion.
**Article 26**: Grants freedom to manage religious affairs.
**Article 27**: Prohibits taxes on religious promotion.
**Article 28**: Ensures freedom from attending religious instruction in certain educational institutions.

5. **Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 2930)**:
**Article 29**: Protects the interests of minorities.
**Article 30**: Grants minorities the right to establish and administer educational institutions.

6. **Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)**:
Empowers citizens to approach the Supreme Court or High Courts for the enforcement of fundamental rights.

These rights are the cornerstone of India's democratic framework, ensuring that the state's power is limited and citizens' freedoms are protected.

posted by percolatslj