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In this lesson, we will learn how to graph the sine and cosine functions in trigonometry and precalculus. These two functions are arguably the most important functions in math. We will learn that the sine and cosine functions are projections of the radius of a circle onto the x and y axis. The cosine is the projection onto the xaxis, while the sine is the projection onto the yaxis. Additionally. Any other periodic function can be reconstructed by an infinite sum of sine or cosine functions. This is called Fourier analysis.