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Great saphenous vein Animated Gross anatomy of lower limb

( Courtery : Content of lecture is from text book of anatomy from Dr vishram singh )

Great saphenous vein

The great saphenous vein (GSV) forms part of the superficial venous system of the lower limb.

Gross anatomy

Origin and course

The GSV lies within the subcutaneous tissues of the leg in the thigh in the saphenous compartment, which is bounded posteriorly by the deep fascia and superficially by the saphenous fascia 3.

The GSV forms on the dorsum of the foot as the continuation of the medial marginal vein of the foot. It then passes anteriorly to the medial malleolus to ascend at first medial to and then posterior to the medial aspect of the tibia.

The GSV then winds its way around the medial aspect of the knee and continues upwards in the medial aspect of the thigh to pierce the saphenous opening of the deep fascia of the thigh, 13 cm distal to the inguinal ligament, to drain into the femoral vein at the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) in the femoral triangle.

There is a constant (~99%) presence of a valve 12 mm distal to the SFJ 3.

Tributaries

1. small saphenous vein (SSV): communicating branches in the region of the popliteal fossa
2. lateral accessory vein
3. superficial epigastric vein
4. superficial circumflex iliac vein
5. superficial external iliac vein
6. superficial external pudendal vein
7. deep external iliac vein

It communicates throughout its entire length with deep venous system via perforating veins 12.

Relations

below the knee, the branches of the saphenous nerve are located posteriorly and anteriorly .

above the knee the saphenous nerve is not closely related (i.e. is not within the saphenous compartment)

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