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Hormones of Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal medulla : Endocrine physiology USMLE Step 1

The adrenal gland is composed of two main parts: the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla, which produce different hormones.

Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex:

Glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol): These hormones help regulate metabolism and immune function, and are involved in the body's response to stress.

Mineralocorticoids (e.g. aldosterone): These hormones help regulate the balance of electrolytes (sodium and potassium) and water in the body.

Androgens (e.g. DHEA): These hormones are precursors to testosterone and estrogen, and play a role in the development of male and female secondary sexual characteristics.

Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla:

Epinephrine (adrenaline): This hormone is involved in the "fight or flight" response to stress, and increases heart rate, blood pressure, and glucose levels.

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline): This hormone also plays a role in the "fight or flight" response, but has more of an effect on peripheral blood vessels, causing vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure.

Overall, the hormones produced by the adrenal gland play important roles in the body's response to stress, metabolism, electrolyte and water balance, and development of secondary sexual characteristics.

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