Wind energy is the transformation of wind energy into useful energy, such as using wind turbines to produce electricity, windmills to produce mechanical energy or sails to power sailboats.
Wind energy, as an alternative to fossil fuels, is renewable, is permanently available, can be produced in any region, is clean, does not produce greenhouse gases during production and requires less land. The environmental impact is generally less problematic than that of other energy sources.
Wind farms are sets of hundreds of individual wind turbines connected to an electricity transmission network.
Small wind farms are used to produce energy in isolated areas. Electricity generation companies increasingly buy the electrical surplus produced by domestic wind turbines.
Wind energy is quite consistent over annual intervals, but has significant variations in short timescales. As the proportion of wind energy in a given region grows, it becomes necessary to increase the capacity of the grid in order to absorb peak production, by increasing storage capacity, and to resort to importing and exporting electricity to regions adjacent areas when there is less demand or wind production is insufficient. Weather forecasts help to adjust the network according to the forecasted production variations.
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