How medications get absorbed by the body; drugs taken by the mouth
00:00 Introduction

Oral drug administration is one of the most common routes of drug delivery
The process involves several stages, including disintegration, dissolution, absorption, and distribution
In this presentation, we'll explore the journey of an oral drug through the body, focusing on its passage through the digestive system, absorption into the bloodstream, and distribution to various organs.
01:00 Oral Dosage Forms

Various forms of oral medications are available, including tablets, capsules, liquids, and suspensions
Each form has different properties that can affect drug absorption and bioavailability
For instance, tablets may take longer to disintegrate, while liquids may be absorbed more rapidly

01:20 Drug Passage to Stomach

Once a drug is ingested, it passes through the esophagus and enters the stomach
The stomach secretes acid and enzymes that break down the drug into smaller particles
The drug then moves to the small intestine, where it undergoes further disintegration and dissolution

01:30 Drug Absorption into Mesenteric Vein and Portal Vein

The small intestine is the primary site of drug absorption
The drug molecules cross the intestinal lining and enter the mesenteric vein, which drains into the hepatic portal vein
The hepatic portal vein carries the drug to the liver, where it undergoes firstpass metabolism

01:45 Drug Metabolism in Liver

The liver plays a crucial role in drug metabolism and elimination
During firstpass metabolism, enzymes in the liver break down the drug into smaller metabolites
The metabolites may be inactive or active and can have different pharmacological properties than the parent drug.

01:57 Drug Passage to Heart by Hepatic Portal Vein

After firstpass metabolism, the drug and its metabolites enter the systemic circulation via the hepatic veins
The hepatic veins carry the blood to the heart, which pumps it to the rest of the body
The drug molecules then distribute to various organs and tissues, depending on their physicochemical properties and affinity for specific tissues

2:10 Drug Distribution to the Body from Heart

Once the drug reaches the systemic circulation, it undergoes distribution to various organs and tissues
The distribution process depends on several factors, such as the drug's solubility, protein binding, and tissue permeability
Some drugs may have a higher affinity for certain tissues, such as the brain, while others may have a more widespread distribution


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