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VIDEO INFO

How to Analyze Termination of the Offer on a Contracts Essay

CONTRACT FORMATION

A traditional, enforceable contract is formed when there is: (1) mutual assent between the parties; and (2) adequate consideration.

MUTUAL ASSENT

Mutual assent between the parties is present when there is a valid offer and acceptance.

TERMINATION OF THE OFFER

If a valid offer is terminated at any time before acceptance, the offer is invalidated. It cannot be accepted or revived unless a new offer is made.

An offer is terminated if any of the following occur at any time before acceptance: (1) the offeror revokes the offer by express communication to the offeree (unless the offer is irrevocable – see below); (2) the offeree learns that the offeror has taken an action that is absolutely inconsistent with a continuing ability to contract; (3) the offeree rejects the offer; (4) the offeree makes a counteroffer; (5) the offeror dies; or (6) a reasonable amount of time passes.

IRREVOCABLE OFFERS

Generally, the offeror is free to revoke an offer at any time prior to acceptance. However, there are four main types of offers that are irrevocable: (1) option contracts; (2) UCC firm offers; (3) offeree started performance on a unilateral offer; and (4) detrimental reliance.

Option Contract

An offer is irrevocable if consideration is given in exchange for a promise to keep the offer open (e.g., “I promise not revoke this offer for one week if you pay me an additional $100 to keep the offer open.”).

UCC Firm Offer

Under the UCC, an offer is irrevocable if a MERCHANT makes a firm offer to buy or sell goods, provided that the offer: (1) is in writing; (2) contains an explicit promise to not revoke the offer; and (3) is signed by the merchant.

The UCC defines a merchant as "a person who deals in goods of the kind or otherwise by his occupation holds himself out as having knowledge or skill peculiar to the practices or goods involved in the transaction." (UCC § 2104).

A firm offer will last either as long as stated in the offer or for a reasonable amount of time not to exceed 90 days.

Offeree Started Performance on a Unilateral Offer

A unilateral offer to contract is irrevocable once the offeree starts performance. A unilateral offer arises from a promise that requests acceptance by performance, as opposed to a bilateral offer, which arises from a promise that requests acceptance by a return promise.

Detrimental Reliance

An offer is irrevocable if the offeree reasonably and detrimentally relies on the offer in a foreseeable manner.

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