Huffman coding is a lossless data compression algorithm. It is a technique for compressing data by creating a prefix code for each unique character in a given text. The code is constructed such that the more frequently a character appears in the text, the shorter its corresponding code will be. This results in a more efficient use of storage space, since the most frequently used characters will have the shortest codes. The algorithm starts by creating a leaf node for each unique character in the text and assigning a weight to each node based on the frequency of the character it represents. Then it repeatedly combines the two nodes with the lowest weight to create a new parent node, until only one node is left, which is the root of the Huffman tree. The final tree can be used to encode the original text by traversing it from the root to the leaves, and using the binary value of the left and right children as 0 and 1 respectively. Huffman coding is widely used in file compression, image compression, and data transmission.
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