To learn more about Defend Our Health and to help support a cleaner future, check out http://www.defendourhealth.org/donate.

To watch the MinuteEarth video on PFAS, click here:    • This Chemical Does Nothing, But It's ...  

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Cousins IT, Goldenman G, Herzke D, Lohmann R, Miller M, Ng CA, Patton S, Scheringer M, Trier X, Vierke L, Wang Z, Dewitt JC (2019) The concept of essential use for determining when uses of PFASs can be phased out. Environ Sci. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9em00163h
DeLuca NM, Angrish M, Wilkins A, Thayer K, Hubal EAC (2021). Human exposure pathways to poly and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from indoor media: A systematic review protocol, Environment International 146: 106308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020...
Fenton SE, Ducatman A, Boobis A, DeWitt JC, Lau C, Ng C, Smith JS, Roberts SM (2021). Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Toxicity and Human Health Review: Current State of Knowledge and Strategies for Informing Future Research. Environmental Toxicolology and Chemistry 40(3):606630. https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fetc.4890
Guo Z, Liu X, Krebs KA, Roache NF ( 2009). Perfluorocarboxylic acid content in 116 articles of commerce. Research Triangle Park, NC: US Environmental Protection Agency. http://chm.pops.int/Portals/0/downloa...
Lewis RC, Johns LE, Meeker JD (2015). Serum Biomarkers of Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Relation to Serum Testosterone and Measures of Thyroid Function among Adults and Adolescents from NHANES 2011–2012. Int Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12(6):6098–114. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120606098
Vorst KL, Saab N, Silva P, Curtzwiler G, Steketee A (2021). Risk assessment of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in food: Symposium proceedings. Trends in Food and Society 116: 12031211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.0...

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Dr. Graham Peaslee, Professor, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Notre Dame

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