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Iron Metabolism : Transportation and Storage, Absorption and Regulation, Daily loss of iron : USMLE

Iron metabolism is a vital process in the human body, ensuring that this essential mineral is efficiently absorbed, transported, stored, and regulated . Iron is absorbed in the duodenum and upper jejunum of the small intestine, primarily in its ferrous (Fe2+) form. Once absorbed, it binds to transferrin in the blood for safe transportation to various tissues . Iron storage occurs mainly in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow in the form of ferritin and hemosiderin, ready to be mobilized when the body needs it . The body meticulously regulates iron levels to prevent deficiency, leading to anemia, or excess, causing toxicity. Regulation involves the liverproduced hormone hepcidin, which inhibits iron absorption from the diet . Despite efficient recycling, a daily loss of iron occurs through shedding of epithelial cells, sweat, and other minor routes, necessitating a steady dietary intake . Understanding iron metabolism is crucial for medical professionals, especially when preparing for exams like the USMLE, to diagnose and treat disorders related to iron imbalance efficiently .

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