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Kiev, the capital of modern Ukraine, is one of the oldest cities in Europe, having a long and colorful history dating back to the middle ages and beyond. According to medieval legend, it was dubbed “The mother of Rus’ cities”; it is often regarded as the oldest city in east Slavdom, and some claim its origins stretch back to the mammothhunting camps some 22,000 years before the birth of Christ.

Sources:
De Administrando Imperio Constantine Porphyrogenitus
Earliest Mediaeval Churches of Kiev Samuel H. Cross
Late Roman influence on the Middle Dnieper Erofaloff B. Nenasheva E.
Medieval Kiev from the Perspective of an Archaeological Study of the Podil District Mykhailo Sahaydak
Nestorskrönikan(Primary Chronicle in Swedish) Transl. By A. Norrback
On the Mention of the Dnieper Varangians Il'ya M. Tarasov
Population genomics of the Viking world Margaryan et. al
The Archaeology of Kiev to the end of the earliest urban phrase Johan Callmer
The Early Slavs Pavel M. Dolukhanov
The Emergence of the Podil Volodymyr I. Mezentsev, transl. Leonid Heretz
The Emergence of Rus: 7501200 Simon Franklin
The Histories Herodotus(A.D. Godley, Ed.)
The Khazar Origin of Ancient Kiev J. Brutzkus
The Myth of the JudeoKhazar Founding of Kiev Peter P. Tolochko
The Origins of the Slavic Nations Serhii Plokhy
The role of Jews in Early Russian civilization Leonid S. Chekin
Viking Rus: Studies on the Presence of Scandinavians in Eastern Europe Wladyslaw Duczko

Image/video credits:
Footage of Kiev/Ukraine    / @freehdvideosnocopyright  
Chernozem: Axel Hindemith

Timestamps:
0:00 Geographic situation
5:54 Bronze Age Kiev
7:52 Scythians, Greeks & Romans
13:13 The Polianians
19:35 Khazars and Jews
22:41 Arrival of the Rus’
29:06 Birth of a city
35:15 The upper city
41:35 Vladimir’s expansion
46:40 Decline

#history #ukraine #vikings