The LeeEnfield is a series of boltaction rifles and carbines designed by Scottishborn gun designer James Paris Lee (18311904) and the Royal Small Arms Factory at Enfield Lock, Great Britain. They replaced the LeeMetford (a series of boltaction rifles and carbines designed by James Paris Lee and William Ellis Metford) when the British armed forces adopted smokeless gun powder in the late 19th century.

The LeeEnfield saw extensive service with the armed forces of the British Empire and Commonwealth during the first half of the 20th century. In the United Kingdom, the LeeEnfield rifles were the standard infantry rifle of the British Army from 1895 to 1957, when they were replaced by the L1A1 SLR; even after being phased out, they were still used as a secondary infantry rifle for reserve forces, and a 7.62mm version of the LeeEnfield under the designation L42A1 was used as a sniper rifle all the way into the 90s.

Today, nations like India, Pakistan, Nepal and Canada still use the LeeEnfield rifle as a standard issue rifle for police forces and reserve military units. In Canada, the Canadian Rangers used the LeeEnfield No. 4 rifle as their standardissue rifle until 2018, when they were replaced by the purpose built C19, but the LeeEnfield will not be fully phased out till 2020. In India and Pakistan, the LeeEnfield is used by both nations' police forces, with India utilizing a 7.62mm NATO version of the No. 1 Mk III* rifle called the Indian 2A/2A1 rifle. Australia still manufactures/converts LeeEnfields as hunting/plinking weapons in a range of calibres like the 7.62mm NATO and the Soviet 7.62x39mm M43, with Australian International Arms (AIA) manufacturing modern versions of the LeeEnfield rifle for the civilian firearms market.

The LeeEnfield rifle saw use in many military conflicts from the late 19th century onwards (easily outstripping the length of service the MosinNagant Rifle has achieved), being used in the Second Boer War, the First World War, the Second World War, the Korean War, the Malayan Emergency, the Suez Crisis, the Mau Mau Uprising, and the SovietAfghan War. The LeeEnfield has also seen use in the hands of insurgents in nations like Nepal, Afghanistan, Iraq, India and the Solomon Islands. Over 17 million LeeEnfields have been produced worldwide since 1895.

The LeeEnfield is notable for its relatively high rate of fire compared to other boltaction rifles. Unlike Mauserderived boltaction rifles (with their 5 round internal magazines and "cock on opening" bolt systems), the LeeEnfield has a 10round magazine and a "cock on closing" bolt system, which allowed a welltrained rifleman to fire between 15 to 30 aimed rounds in under 1 minute.