The story about the island nation of Solara's transition to 100% renewable energy features several challenging vocabulary words that are particularly relevant for learners at a Level 3 proficiency. Here are some of the potentially challenging words and phrases from the story, along with their definitions:

Renewable energy Energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power.
Carbon footprint The total amount of greenhouse gases produced to directly and indirectly support human activities, usually expressed in equivalent tons of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Incentivize To provide with an incentive or a reason for doing something; to encourage specific actions or behaviors by offering rewards.
Clean tech companies Businesses that produce or innovate technology aimed at reducing negative environmental impacts, contributing to a sustainable future.
Solar farms Largescale solar installations where photovoltaic panels, also known as solar panels, are used to generate electricity.
Wind turbines Devices that convert the wind's kinetic energy into electrical energy.
Stimulating the local economy Actions or policies that encourage economic growth and development within a local area.
Public education campaigns Organized efforts to inform and educate the public on certain issues through various media and events.
Longterm economic and environmental benefits The positive impacts on the economy and the environment that continue over a long period.
Exports clean energy The act of selling energy generated from renewable resources to other countries or regions.
Sustainable development Economic development that is conducted without depletion of natural resources.
High initial costs The substantial amount of money required at the beginning of a project or investment.
Resistance from traditional energy sectors Opposition or reluctance to change by industries or sectors that rely on nonrenewable energy sources, such as oil and gas.
Understanding these terms is crucial for comprehending the complexities of transitioning to renewable energy sources and the broader implications for economic development and environmental sustainability.