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The median nerve arises from brachial plexus in axilla by two roots: lateral and medial. The lateral root (C5, C6,and C7) arises from lateral cord of brachial plexus and medial root (C8 and T1) arises from medial cord of the brachial plexus.
In the axilla, the median nerve lies on the lateral side of the third part of the axillary artery.
In the arm, initially, median nerve lies lateral to brachial artery and then crosses in front of the artery from lateral to medial side at the level of midhumerus. After crossing, it runs downwards to enter cubital fossa.
In the cubital fossa, the median nerve lies medial to the brachial artery and tendon of biceps brachii. Here it is covered by bicipital aponeurosis.
It leaves the cubital fossa by passing between the two heads of pronator teres which it supplies. Soon , it also gives banches to flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus and then passes downwards behind the tendinous arch of flexor digitorum superficialis and runs deep to flexor digitorum superficialis muscle which it supplies. Before passing behind the tendinous arch of this muscle it gives off the anterior interousseous nerve. The anterior interosseous nerve also runs under cover of flexor digitorum superficialis beeing placed between flexor policis longus situated lateraly and flexor digitorum profundus situated medialy. The anterior interosseous nerve inervates flexor policis longus, the lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus and terminates by inervating the pronator quadratus muscle.
In the forearm, the median nerve passes downwards behind the tendinous arch of flexor digitorum superficialis and runs deep to the flexor digitorum superficialis lying on flexor digitorum profundus.
Proximal to the flexor retinaculum the median nerve becomes superficial having lateraly the tendon of flexor carpi radialis and medialy the tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis.
Median nerve enters the palm by passing through carpal tunnel where it lies deep to flexor retinaculum and superficial to the tendons of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Digitorum Profundus, and Flexor Policis Longus.
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