Is Mongolia moving away from Russia and China and towards the West? Over the past few years, Mongolia has received increased attention from the West, with strategic partnerships and highlevel visits from U.S. and European officials. These developments raise questions about Mongolia’s ability to move away from its strong ties with the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China. But are we really seeing a fundamental shift in Mongolia’s strategic direction?

Mongolia is often regarded as a pivot state a country with special significance in international relations due to its location or other economic or political factors. Having broken away from China in the early twentieth century, Mongolia became closely aligned with the USSR and was a key Soviet ally during the Cold War, especially after the SinoSoviet split in the early 1960s. However, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, its foreign relationships fundamentally changed. While it built a particularly strong relationship with China, it remained wary of relying too much on either Moscow or Beijing. This led to the creation of the socalled “Third Neighbour” policy. However, this delicate balance has been disturbed by the Ukraine War. As Russia and China move closer, Mongolia appears squeezed. But as it strengthens its ties to the United States and the EU, is this really a sign that it is decisively shifting towards the West in general?

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VIDEO CHAPTERS
00:00 Introduction and Titles
00:37 Pivot States in International Relations
01:47 Mongolia: Location, Population and Economy
02:28 The Emergence of Mongolia
04:04 The Recognition of Mongolian Independence
05:19 Mongolia between the USSR and China
06:35 Mongolia after the Cold War
08:28 Mongolia and its Three Neighbours
10:14 The Ukraine War and Mongolian Foreign Policy
12:08 Why is Mongolian Foreign Policy Changing?
13:16 Is Mongolia Pivoting Towards the West?

SOURCES AND FURTHER READING
President of Mongoliahttps://president.mn/en/
News Mongolia | MNB World | YouTube
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Mongolia | US State Department
https://www.state.gov/countriesareas...
European Union Delegation to Mongolia
https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegation...

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