In this video we visit Monsaraz, a medieval fortified village in Alentejo that started after the Christian reconquest to consolidate the Alentejo border. King Afonso III had gone south and reconquered the entire southern part of the Tagus as far as the Algarve in 1249, now it was necessary to protect and consolidate the border of all this territory to the east.
Many of these border areas, prior to the reconquest, were threatened by Arab offensives and were entrusted to the Military Orders.
The castle with its 5 towers began in the reign of King Afonso III with the participation of the Templars.
In the following reign, D.Dinis built the Torre de Menagem and the entire urban fence.
In the following reign, D.Fernando built the interior curtain separating the castle's castle from the village's houses.
As in Nisa and other villages on the Alentejo frontier, this is a Bastide, that is, a planned village, following a geometric pattern. This happened not only in Portugal, but also in southern France, eastern Germany, southern Italy and Secilia and also on the AragonNavarre border in Spain. They were sparsely populated and politically unstable regions, recently conquered.
This town is in fact a must visit, not so much for the religious architecture, but for the preserved examples of traditional Alentejo architecture.
In the 1930s the village was falling into disrepair and deserted. In 1946, the DGEMN classifies this town as a National Heritage Site and decrees a ZEP Special Protection Zone, that is, in practice, no one can build anything without official approval, being the only way to have the historical heritage preserved for future generations.
It was only in 1955 that the state carried out the restoration of Monsaraz, but it is this restoration and the classification as a national monument that give the quality and visibility that Monsaraz has today.
In Porta da Vila, several measures used for commerce, laws and construction are carved: the Rod and the half Rod, among others.
The Casa da Inquizição is an old house from the 17th century with a panel of tiles from the same period. This would be the house of someone connected to the Holy Office of Évora.
The Mother Church was built in the 19th century. XVI and came to replace the previous one that, for being small, did not allow the burial of the inhabitants who died during the plague. The interior is interesting for its almost square proportions.
The castle's fortress was transformed into a bullring in 1830. It used to have a well and a cistern, the mayor's house and warehouses.
In the bastion facing east This Ermida is the oldest monument in Monsaraz being initially a funerary building, or a small Muslim sanctuary of the Almohad domain (11th12th century) that was later converted into a Christian chapel dedicated to the patron saint of the Templars and Hospitallers : St. John the Baptist.
The chapel of S.Bento was founded with donations from the residents of Monsaraz in the 19th century. XVI.

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00:00 Introduction
00:30 Monsaraz a brief summary of its history
01:04 The Castle and wall of Monsaraz, its initial construction in 3 phases
01:28 Monsaraz is a bastide, as in other Alentejo frontier towns, towns planned with rationalized geometry, adapted to geography.
02:10 The restoration process of Monsaraz (193655) in the 20th century and the preservation of historical heritage by the DGEMN
02:51 Village Gate
03:10 Rua de Santiago
03:34 Church of Santiago
04:08 Rua de Santiago x Rua da Porta de Évora x Travessa da Misericórdia, a link between the upper and lower parts of the village
04:36 House of the Inquisition
05:12 Rua dos Celeiros and Casa do Juiz de Fora, its facade and spans
06:02 Travessa da Cisterna, access to Cisterna da Vila and Porta do Buraco
06:37 Rua Direita
07:34 Pelourinho Square, Igreja Matriz, Igreja da Misericórdia and Hospital do Espirito Santo, Capela de S.José and Paço das Audiências
08:04 Main church, with its Mannerist façade, and the Paço das Audiências where one of the most important frescoes in Portugal can be found. The enigmatic panel of the Good Judge Bad Judge.
08:28 Capela de S.José, a baroque chapel with a centralized plan of vertical development, covered with a hemispherical domed vault.
08:52 Alcoba Door
09:24 Castle, Keep and Alcaçova
10:48 Shrine of St. John the Baptist
11:24 Suburb