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Citations:
[1] Tim MackintoshSmith, Arabs: A 3000Years History – p. 125
[2] Ali Muhammad alSallabi, The Biography of Uthman ibn Affan – p. 13
[3] R. Stephen Humphreys, Mu'awiya ibn abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire – p. 7
[4] Baladhuri, AnsabLDV, no. 83, p. 30
[5] Sunan Abi Dawud, 2086 (Sunnah.com)
[6] Hugh Kennedy, The Great Arab Conquests – literally any page
[7] alTabari, XI – p. 81–83, 87–88
[8] alTabari, XII, 192–193
[9] Hugh Kennedy, Caliphate – See under “The Reigns of Abu Bakr and Umar, the First Caliphs
[10] alTabari, XII, 183–85; BaladhuriHitti, I, 216–19.
[11] Wilferd Madelung, The Succession to Muhammad – p. 6061
[12] Hugh Kennedy, Caliphate – See under Uthman and the First Crisis of the Caliphate
[13] R. Stephen Humphreys, Mu'awiya ibn abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire – p. 51
[14] alTabari, XV, p. 26–27
[15] Hugh Kennedy, The Great Arab Conquests – p. 327
[16] Hugh Kennedy, The Great Arab Conquests – p. 328
[17] R. Stephen Humphreys, Mu'awiya ibn abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire – p. 6061
[18] Abdullah alUdhari, Classical Poems by Arab Women – p. 78
[19] Tim MackintoshSmith, Arabs: A 3000Years History – p. 216
[20] alTabari, XV – p. 164, 259, 261
[21] alTabari, XV – p. 13638, 149–53, 185
[22] R. Stephen Humphreys, Mu'awiya ibn abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire – p. 71
[23] R. Stephen Humphreys, Mu'awiya ibn abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire – p. 74
[24] Hugh Kennedy, Caliphate – See under Ali and the End of the Orthodox Caliphate
[25] Reza Aslan, No God but God – p. 134
[26] alTabari, XVI, 196–197
[27] Tim MackintoshSmith, Arabs: A 3000Years History – p. 220
[28] alTabari, XVII, 85–86
[29] Martin Hinds, The Siffin Arbitration Agreement – p. 93128
[30] Fred M. Donner, Muhammad and the Believers – p. 190
[31] HannahLena Hagemann, The Kharijites in Early Islamic Historical Tradition – p. 137
[32] R. Stephen Humphreys, Mu'awiya ibn abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire – p. 74
[33] “Maronite Chronicle” in Robert Hoyland’s Seeing Islam as Others Saw it – p. 138
[34] Fred M. Donner, Muhammad and the Believers – p. 167
[35] al Tabari, XVIII – 23–24
[36] HannahLena Hagemann, The Kharijites in Early Islamic Historical Tradition – p. 165
[37] Baladhuri, Ansab, II, 271
[38] Baladhuri‘Abbas, IV/1, 206–208; also Tabari, XVIII, 78–81
[39] Wadad alQadi, Population Census and Land Surveys under the Ummayyads – p. 341416
[40] Julius Wellhausen, The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall, p. 132–135
[41] “Maronite Chronicle” in Robert Hoyland’s Seeing Islam as Others Saw it – p. 138
[42] Hugh Kennedy, The Great Arab Conquests – p. 330
[43] Ibn KhaldunRosenthal, I, 421–423
[44] al Baladhuri, AnsabLDV, no.147, p. 54–55
[45] R. Stephen Humphreys, Mu'awiya ibn abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire – p. 121
[46] Baladhuri, AnsabLDV, no. 83, p. 30
[47] Baladhuri, AnsabLDV, no. 107, p. 38
[48] alTabari, XVIII, 198
[49] Sibt alJawzi alHanafi, Tazkirat alKhawas – p. 191192
[50] Chase Robinson, Abd alMalik – p. 43

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