In this video, Dr. Manishika Jain explains the NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries

Economic Strength is measured by Manufacturing
Factors affecting Industrial Location
Classification of Industries
Based on
Raw Material: Agrobased, mineral based
Role: Key/Main, consumer
Investment: Small scale, cottage or large scale
Ownership: Private, public, joint or cooperatives
Weight: Heavy or light

Textile Industry
14% of industrial prod.
35 million people employed (next to agriculture)
24% foreign exchange earning
4% to GDP
Cotton mills (1st in 1854 Mumbai) now 1962 mills with 80% in private – handloom, powerloom
Previously – Maharashtra & Gujarat (cotton, mkt. & port)
Spinning (Maha, Guj & T. Nadu); weaving (khadicharkha) decentralized
Export yarn – Japan, US, UK, France, Singapore, Sri Lanka
2nd largest spindles next to China
Jute Industry
Largest producer of jute and jute goods
2nd exporter after Bangladesh
Most mills in W. Bengal – Hugli river (1st at Rishra)
Partition – mills in India, production in Bangladesh
Why good location? Inexpensive water, cheap labour, producing areas, transport network, banking and insurance
Support 2.6 lakh directly & 40 lakh indirectly
Competition with synthetic fiber
2005 National Jute Policy
Mkt U.S.A., Canada, Russia, United Arab Republic, U.K. and Australia
Env. Friendly and biodegradable

Sugar Industry – Gur & Khandsari
RM – bulky
Transport reduces sucrose
60% in UP & Bihar
Shifting to south & west – Maharashtra – higher sucrose, cooperatives & cool climate for long crushing season

Iron & Steel Industry
Production & consumption is index of development
Iron : coking coal : manganese = 4:2:1
2016 – India 4th in crude oil production
Largest producer of sponge iron
Per capita consumption was 32 kg
China largest producer & consumer
Max. conc. in Chotanagpur plateau (high grade,
Cheap labor, low cost)
Poor performance – low productivity, erratic power,
High cost of coking coal, poor infrastructure

Aluminum Industry
2nd after iron and steel
Light
Resistant to corrosion
Good conductor
Malleable
Strong when mixed with other metals
Bauxite – RM – bulky & red
8 plants – NALCO & BALCO (W. Bengal), Kerala, UP, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, T. Nadu
Chemical Industry
3% of GDP
3rd largest in Asia
12th in world
Inorganic – H2SO4, synthetic fiber, soda ash, alkalies, soap, detergent
Organic: Petrochemical, rubber, plastic, dyes, pharma, drugs
Fertilizer Industry
NPK
Potash is imported
3rd largest in nitrogenous fertilizer in world
10 PSU & 1 cooperative (Hazira, Gujarat)
Green revolution & land degradation
Neem coated Urea – slow dissolution

Chapters:
0:00 Introduction: NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries
0:09 Economic Strength is measured by Manufacturing
2:02 Factors Affecting Industrial Location
5:10 Classification of Industries
5:20 Raw Material
5:27 Role
5:47 Investment
5:56 Ownership
6:06 Weight
6:23 Textile Industry
9:40 Jute Industry
10:51 Sugar Industry – Gur & Khandsari
11:35 Iron & Steel Industry
14:56 Aluminium Industry
15:33 Chemical Industry
16:03 Fertilizer Industry
18:41 Cement Industry
18:58 Automobile Industry
19:29 Industrial Pollution
20:14 Control of Pollution
21:07 Treatment Types

#Competition #Jute #Weaving #Investment #Textile #Factors #Economic #Modernize #Eradicate #Industries #Manishika #Examrace


Cement Industry
1st in 1904 – Chennai
Expanded after 1989 – decontrol of price & distribution
Large & miniplants
Construction
Meet local demands
Automobile Industry
Jump in 15 years
FDI
Delhi, Jamshedpur, Pune, Indore, Hyderabad, Bangalore
ICT – Software parks, BPOs
Industrial Pollution
Air pollution – smoke, toxic gases (Bhopal gas tragedy)
Noise pollution
Thermal pollution – hot water in rivers, birth defects & cancers (effluents)
Water pollution – discharge in rivers
Control of Pollution
1 liter discharge pollute 8 times quantity of fresh water
Reuse & recycle water
Harvest rainwater
Treat effluents going in water
Treatment types
Primary: mechanical – grinding, sedimentation
Secondary: biological
Tertiary: recycle waste water
Overdrawing of ground water – to be regulated (energy efficiency)
NTPC – ISO EMS 14001 – proactive approach preserve env., minimize waste, green belts, decrease pollution & monitoring



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