In this video, Dr. Manishika Jain explains the NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 7: Lifelines of National Economy

Means of Transport Movement
Roadways
Largest in world with 2.3 million km
Why roads are more feasible?
Cheaper construction rate
Can traverse dissected topography
On higher gradients
Economical
Door to door service
As feeder to other transport
Road Density (Length of road per 100 km2)

Means of Transport – Movement @0:13
Roadways @1:28
Types of Roads @3:40
Railways @7:16
Pipelines @8:33
Waterways @9:33
Airways @13:11
Communication @14:03
International Trade @14:41
#Sheltered #Refineries ##Integrating #Landslide #Quadrilateral #Concrete #Cheaper #Gradients #Traverse #Transport #Manishika #Examrace


Types of Roads
Golden Quadrilateral / East – West (Silchar to Porbander) & North – South (Srinagar to Kanyakumari)
National Highways – Maintained by CPWD (Sher Shah Suri – Delhi Amritsar is NH1; NH 8 – DelhiMumbai; NH7 – Varanasi Kanyakumari)
State Highways – by PWD
District Highways – by Zila Parishad
Other/ Rural Roads – PM Gramin Sadak Yojana
Border Roads – North, NE & NW India
Metalled – All weather (concrete, bitumen & coal)
Unmetalled – half of the total

Railways
Integrating since last 150 years
It is largest PSU in India
1st train – 1853 – Mumbai to Thane
Broad, Meter & narrow gauge
Plains, high density, agricultural area
Difficult – in Mountains, deserts & landslide areas
Diamond Quadrilateral (high speed rail network)
Pipelines
Gas/oil/solid
Refineries – Barauni, Mathura, Panipat
Initial cost is high, running cost is low
Oil (Upper Assam to Kanpur) via Guwahati, Barauni & Allahabad
From Salaya (Guj.) to Jalandhar (Punjab) via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi, Sonipat
From Hazira (Guj.) to Jagdishpur (UP) via Vijaipur (MP)
Waterways
Cheapest
Fuel efficient and environment friendly
95% trade in volume & 68% in value by sea
Coastline – 7516 km (handle 95% foreign trade)
Kandla (after 1947, to relieve Mumbai) as Karachi went to Pak.
Mumbai – Biggest, natural and sheltered harbor
Jawaharlal Nehru Port to decongest Mumbai
Marmagao (export iron) from Goa
New Mangalore (Karnataka) – export iron from Kudremukh
Kochi – entrance of lagoon with natural harbor

Waterways
Tuticorin – Natural harbor, Tamil Nadu
Chennai – oldest artificial harbor (next to Mumbai in cargo)
Vishakhapatnam – deepest landlocked (iron export)
Paradip – Odisha (iron export)
Kolkata – inland riverine port – tidal port (Haldia to decongest Kolkata)
National Waterways
Sagar Mala Project
NW 1: On Ganga b/w Allahabad & Haldia
NW 2: Brahmaputra b/w Sadiya and Dhubri
NW3: West Coast Canal in Kerala

Airways
Fastest
Cover difficult terrain
Nationalized in 1953
UDAN (Ude Desh Ka Aam Naagrik)
Communication
Postal network – largest in world
Largest telecom in Asia (STD, mobiles)
Mass Communication – Radio, TV, newspaper, DD
Largest producer of feature films in world
International Trade
Exports & Imports (EXIM policy)
Balance of trade (favorable or unfavorable)
Most trades – Mineral fuels & gold
Highest exports – petroleum product & precious stones
Tourism Revenue

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0:00 Introduction
0:10 Means of Transport Movement
1:26 Roadways
3:38 Types of Roads
7:15 Railways
8:32 Pipelines
9:29 Waterways
13:10 Airways
14:01 Communication
14:35 International Trade #examrace #upsc #ugcnet