Depression is a common mental health disorder that can affect anyone regardless of age and background. The video discusses how depression involves various changes in the brain structure and function, affecting emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. Several key brain structures are linked to depression, including the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and striatum. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for making important decisions, planning, organizing, and paying attention to important matters. It helps to think about the future, set goals, and make choices that align with one's values and priorities. Studies have shown that the prefrontal cortex is often underactive in people with depression, leading to difficulties with decisionmaking, planning, procrastination, and avoidance. The amygdala is responsible for processing emotions like fear and anxiety, and it detects potential threats in the environment, triggering a response to keep us safe. In people with depression, the amygdala is often overactive, leading to an exaggerated response to negative events. This can contribute to negative emotional biases, leading to a pervasive sense of hopelessness and despair that is common in depression. The hippocampus plays a crucial role in memory formation and recall, helping us to remember events in our lives, learn new things, and navigate our surroundings. In people with depression, the hippocampus is often smaller in size than in healthy individuals, leading to difficulties with memory, recall, and the formation of new memories. By understanding the neurobiology of depression, we can gain insight into how psychological treatment by cognitivebehavioral therapy can change these brain structures to help manage depression symptoms.

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