This biology video tutorial provides a basic introduction into photosynthesis the process by which plants use energy from sunlight to convert Carbon Dioxide and Water into Oxygen gas and sugars such as Glucose. Photosynthesis can be broken into two stages: The light dependent reactions and the light independent reactions also known as the Calvin Cycle or dark reactions. In the light dependent reactions, Water is oxidized into Oxygen gas by Photosystem II which transports the electrons in through the electron transport chain inside the thylakoid membrane eventually producing high energy molecules like ATP and NADPH. ATP is produced by the enzyme ATP Synthase in a process called Chemiosmosis very similar to cellular respiration. The Calvin Cycle takes in CO2, ATP, and NADPH to produce G3P which is later used to make sugars like Glucose and Fructose.

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