Physiology lecture on special senses physiology : vision physiology details the phototransduction mechanism in retina i.e how photoreceptors i.e rods and cones convert the energy of photons to light energy. Then it also differentiates rods and cones and how they differ in the phototransduction mechanism and mechanism of adaptation.

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The phototransduction occurs at rods and cones outer segment when a photon strikes the photopigment rhodopsin/photopsin. This causes activation of enzyme phosphodiesterase and hence decreases the concentration of cGMP in the photoreceptors. This is the only step where the photon is involved in the process of phototransduction. The decrease in cGMP closes sodium channels and causes hyperpolarization of the photoreceptors.

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00:00 Introduction to phototransduction
01:14 Structure of rods and cones
01:41 Phototransduction (dark)
02:40 Phototransduction (light)
05:05 Absorption spectrum of photoreceptors
06:38 Difference in phototransduction in rods and cones
08:37 Phototransduction and light intensity
09:10 Light adaptation

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