Placental abruption, also called abruptio placentae, nursing NCLEX review on the symptoms, causes, treatment, and nursing interventions.

What is placental abruption? It's the detachment of the placenta from the uterine wall BEFORE the birth of the baby. Two types of abruptio placentae include a partial or total placental abruption.

The placenta is a very important structure for maintaining the pregnancy and helps deliver nutrients and oxygen to the baby along with removing waste via the umbilical cord.

When the placenta detaches before the birth of the baby, this can lead to complications that affect both the baby and mother. The baby may lose nutrients and oxygen delivery via the damaged placenta, and the mother could experience hemorrhage along with a life threatening conditions called DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation).

Where should the placenta normally detach from the uterine wall? After the birth of the baby (the times vary but usually within 1020 minutes after delivery of the baby)

What are the causes of placental abruption?

Risk Factors for abruptio placenta include: chronic hypertension, development of preeclampsia, previous placental abruption, trauma to abdomen, cocaine or smoking, PROM (premature rupture of the membranes), multiples or many pregnancies.

Placental abruption symptoms include: dark red bleeding, extended fundal height (due to concealed bleeding), tender uterus, abdominal pain, hard abdomen, fetal distress etc.

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