What is Pneumonia? What are the causes and symptoms? How to diagnose and treat pneumonia?
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➡ What are the Causes of Pneumonia?
Pneumonia has several different causes including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and even parasites in some cases. Common viruses that can cause Pneumonia include:
▪ Influenza (flu)
▪ Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
▪ Rhinoviruses (common cold)

➡ Common bacterias that can cause Pneumonia include:
▪ Streptococcus pneumonia
▪ Mycoplasma pneumonia
▪ Haemophilus influenzae
▪ Legionella pneumophila

➡ Common fungi that can cause Pneumonia are:
▪ Pneumocystis jirovecii
▪ Cryptococcus species
▪ Histoplasmosis species

➡ What are the Signs and Symptoms of Pneumonia?
The signs and symptoms of pneumonia can vary in severity from person to person. Here are some of the most common examples:
▪ Productive cough
▪ Fever and chills
▪ Tachypnea
▪ Shortness of breath
▪ Chest pain
▪ Diaphoresis
▪ Fatigue
▪ Cyanosis

➡ What are the Types of Pneumonia?
Pneumonia is often classified according to how the patient acquired the disease. Here are the different types:
▪ CommunityAcquired Pneumonia (CAP)
▪ HospitalAcquired Pneumonia (HAP)
▪ VentilatorAssociated Pneumonia (VAP)
▪ Aspiration Pneumonia

➡How is Pneumonia Diagnosed?
Pneumonia is most commonly diagnosed by looking at the patient’s chest xray which will show signs of consolidation. Other tests and findings to look for include:
▪ Vital signs
▪ Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) results
▪ Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT)
▪ Sputum culture
▪ Complete Blood Count (CBC)
▪ CT scan
▪ Pleural fluid culture

➡ Pneumonia Findings
The patient's pulse oximetry would likely reveal hypoxemia and a faster breathing rate (tachypnea) is common as well. The patient’s breath sounds via auscultation will likely reveal crackles (rales) or rhonchi and if you were to perform a chest percussion, a dull sounding note would likely be heard. The patient’s PFT results would likely reveal decreased lung volumes and capacities.

A sputum culture would reveal which type of bacteria is causing the infection. It could be either be a grampositive or gramnegative bacteria. And a Complete Blood Count would provide the patient's white blood cell count in order to help determine if the infection is viral or bacterial in nature. For instance, increased white blood cells indicate that a bacterial infection is present. Decreased white blood cells indicate that a virus is causing the infection.

➡ What is the Treatment for Pneumonia?
Pneumonia should be treated on a case by case basis but, in general, here are the common treatment methods:
▪ Antibiotic medications
▪ Oxygen therapy
▪ Bedrest
▪ Airway clearance therapy
▪ Hyperinflation therapy
▪ Fluid management

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MEDICAL DISCLAIMER
Medicine and Respiratory Therapy are continuously changing practices. The information in this video is for educational and entertainment purposes only. For medical advice, please consult with a physician or qualified medical professional.

AFFILIATE DISCLAIMER
This description contains affiliate links. If you decide to purchase a product through one of them, we receive a small commission at no cost to you.

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⏰TIMESTAMPS
0:00 Intro
0:25 Causes of Pneumonia?
0:45 Common bacterias
0:54 Common fungi
1:04 Signs and Symptoms
1:27 Types of Pneumonia
2:16 Pneumonia Diagnosed
2:47 Pneumonia Findings
3:43 Treatment for Pneumonia

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