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Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) / Stein–Leventhal syndrome / Hyperandrogenic anovulation Gynecology and Obstetrics

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligoovulation/anovulation, and/or the presence of polycystic ovaries. The diagnosis of PCOS is made following the exclusion of disorders that may present with a similar clinical picture (e.g., congenital adrenal hyperplasia), most commonly by hormone analysis. Up to 50% of PCOS patients have metabolic syndrome, which is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, and an increased risk for endometrial cancer. PCOS primarily manifests with hirsutism, acne, and virilization. Diagnostic methods include a pelvic exam, blood tests for specific hormones, and ultrasound. Management consists of weight loss via lifestyle changes, and oral contraception pills are indicated in women who do not wish to conceive. The aim of treatment in women who desire to conceive is to normalize ovarian function and stimulate follicular growth (e.g., with clomiphene).

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