The PT/INR is a blood test used to assess how fast the blood clots. It assesses the extrinsic and common pathway of the coagulation cascade. Therefore, the PT/INR assesses clotting Factors VII, I, II, V, and X. Overall, the PT/INR will tell us how well the extrinsic and common pathway work to form a clot and how fast prothrombin turns into thrombin.

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Factor V helps prothrombin turn into thrombin. Thrombin plays a vital role in clotting because it helps fibrinogen turn into fibrin. Fibrin is a major player in clot formation because it’s made up of meshlike strands that helps substances stick together, hence form a clot.

PT stands for prothrombin (time) and INR stands for international normalized ration. The INR is calculated from the PT level and is used in monitoring Warfarin (Coumadin) therapy. A normal PT range is approximately 1012 seconds. A normal INR level is less than 1.1, and for a patient on Warfarin to be therapeutic the INR should be 23.

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