How do rocket engines work? What makes them work in a vacuum?

In this video, we talk about the basic physics behind how a rocket engine works. We walk through two different ways to help understand rocket engines. The first looks at Newton's third law of motion, where every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Then, we discuss the conservation of momentum, and how propellant is used to push a spaceship forward.

After understanding the basics of rocket engines, we talk about some of the different types, focusing mostly on chemical rocket engines (such as the space shuttle main engine, raptor engine, merlin engine, and BE4). The last topic covered in this video looks at the design of rocket nozzles, and how at different surrounding pressures, the nozzle design should be changed!

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