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The optimum temperature is the temperature where the rate of reaction is at its highest. If you increase the temperature above the optimum temperature the active site of the enzyme begins to change shape, we call this denaturing.
When an enzyme’s active site denatures the substrate can no longer bind as well, decreasing the rate of the enzymecontrolled reaction.
If you decrease the temperature below the optimum temperature, there is a decrease in the kinetic energy of the enzymes and substrates. This decreases the collisions between the enzyme and substrate, which leads to a decrease in the rate of reaction.

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